Cognitive Costs of Reappraisal Depend on Both Emotional Stimulus Intensity and Individual Differences in Habitual Reappraisal

PLoS One. 2016 Dec 9;11(12):e0167253. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167253. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Recent models of emotion regulation suggest that the cognitive costs of reappraisal depend on stimulus intensity and habitual reappraisal. In the current experiment, we tested these hypotheses by manipulating the intensity of unpleasant and pleasant images, which participants reappraised, viewed, or suppressed their emotions to. To assess cognitive costs, we measured participants' performance on a concurrent simple reaction time task. Participants also reported on their everyday use of reappraisal and suppression. Higher intensity stimuli were associated with greater cognitive costs of reappraisal, for unpleasant, but not pleasant pictures. Also, greater habitual reappraisal predicted lower cognitive costs of reappraisal and greater reductions in subjective feelings. Results support the role of stimulus intensity and habitual use of reappraisal in predicting the cognitive costs of reappraisal.

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Arousal / physiology*
  • Cognition / physiology*
  • Emotions / physiology*
  • Female
  • Habituation, Psychophysiologic
  • Humans
  • Individuality
  • Judgment / physiology*
  • Male
  • Photic Stimulation
  • Reaction Time / physiology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, http://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca/, Grant number 430-2014-00626. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.