Regulation of antimicrobial resistance by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors

Microbes Infect. 2017 Apr-May;19(4-5):238-248. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Jan 30.

Abstract

Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are a subfamily of σ70 sigma factors that activate genes involved in stress-response functions. In many bacteria, ECF sigma factors regulate resistance to antimicrobial compounds. This review will summarize the ECF sigma factors that regulate antimicrobial resistance in model organisms and clinically relevant pathogens.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; ECF sigma factors; Extracytoplasmic function sigma factors; Regulation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacillus subtilis / genetics
  • Bacillus subtilis / metabolism
  • Clostridioides difficile / genetics
  • Clostridioides difficile / pathogenicity
  • DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / genetics*
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial / genetics*
  • Enterococcus faecalis / genetics
  • Enterococcus faecalis / pathogenicity
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / pathogenicity
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / genetics
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / pathogenicity
  • Salmonella / genetics
  • Salmonella / pathogenicity
  • Sigma Factor / genetics*
  • Streptomyces coelicolor / genetics
  • Streptomyces coelicolor / metabolism
  • Stress, Physiological / genetics*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Sigma Factor
  • sporulation-specific sigma factors
  • RNA polymerase sigma 70
  • DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases