Abstract
Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of CKD and ESRD worldwide, and carries with it enormous human and societal costs. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the diagnosis and management of DKD based on a comprehensive review of the medical literature. Topics addressed include the evolving presentation of DKD, clinical differentiation of DKD from non-DKD, a state-of-the-art evaluation of current treatment strategies, and promising emerging treatments. It is expected that the review will help clinicians to diagnose and manage patients with DKD.
Keywords:
Chronic; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Management Disease Management; Goals; Humans; Kidney Failure; Publications; Renal Insufficiency.
Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.
MeSH terms
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Antihypertensive Agents / adverse effects
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Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
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Bariatric Surgery
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Blood Pressure / drug effects
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Caloric Restriction
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diagnosis
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology
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Diabetic Nephropathies / diagnosis*
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Diabetic Nephropathies / drug therapy*
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Diabetic Nephropathies / epidemiology
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Diabetic Nephropathies / physiopathology
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Glomerular Filtration Rate / drug effects
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
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Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
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Kidney / drug effects*
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Kidney / physiopathology
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Kidney Failure, Chronic / diagnosis
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Kidney Failure, Chronic / drug therapy
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Kidney Failure, Chronic / etiology
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Renal Agents / adverse effects
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Renal Agents / therapeutic use*
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Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / diagnosis*
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Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / drug therapy*
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Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / epidemiology
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Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / physiopathology
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Antihypertensive Agents
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Renal Agents