Hypophysitis, Panhypopituitarism, and Hypothalamitis in a Scottish Terrier Dog

J Vet Intern Med. 2017 Sep;31(5):1527-1532. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14790. Epub 2017 Jul 26.

Abstract

A 6-year old male neutered Scottish Terrier was referred with a 1 week history of progressive lethargy and anorexia. Neurological examination localized a lesion to the forebrain and hormonal testing showed panhypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a rounded, well-defined, suprasellar central mass. The mass was slightly hyperintense to the cortical grey matter on T2-weighted (T2W), hypointense on T1-weighted (T1W) images and without T2* signal void. There was a central fusiform enhancement of the mass after contrast administration which raised the suspicion of a pituitary neoplasm. Rapid deterioration of the dog prevented further clinical investigations. Histopathologic examination revealed a lymphocytic panhypophysitis of unknown origin suspected autoimmune involving the hypothalamus (hypothalamitis). This is a unique case report of a dog presenting with inflammatory hypophysitis and hypothalamitis of suspected autoimmune origin with detailed clinical, MRI, histology and immunohistochemistry findings.

Keywords: Autoimmune; Diabetes insipidus; Hypoadrenocorticism; MRI; Neoplasia; Pituitary.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Dog Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Dog Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Dog Diseases / pathology
  • Dogs
  • Hypophysitis / complications
  • Hypophysitis / diagnosis
  • Hypophysitis / pathology
  • Hypophysitis / veterinary*
  • Hypopituitarism / complications
  • Hypopituitarism / diagnosis
  • Hypopituitarism / pathology
  • Hypopituitarism / veterinary*
  • Hypothalamic Diseases / complications
  • Hypothalamic Diseases / diagnosis
  • Hypothalamic Diseases / pathology
  • Hypothalamic Diseases / veterinary*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / veterinary
  • Male
  • Neuroimaging / veterinary

Supplementary concepts

  • Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency