Background: Studies based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques indicate that Helicobacter pylori can be constantly or temporarily present in the oral cavity in virulent or non-virulent form. Streptococcus mutans exerts a strong inhibitory effect on H. pylori.
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and virulence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and the correlation of these factors with oral health and cariogenic bacteria titer.
Material and methods: The study involved 108 adults who were positive in urease tests for H. pylori presence in the gastric mucosa. Group I consisted of 50 patients with positive saliva tests using PCR for the presence of H. pylori DNA, while group II comprised 58 patients with negative tests. The research material consisted of saliva and dental plaque. To determine the density of S. mutans and Lactobacillus, commercially available S. mutans and LB sets were used.
Results: H. pylori DNA was found in the oral cavities of 46% of the patients who had tested positive in urease tests for the presence of these bacteria in the stomach. Among those who tested positive for the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity, virulent strains were identified in 16% of the patients. Approximal plaque index (API) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were found to be significantly higher in patients with confirmed H. pylori in the oral cavity. This group also had a smaller number of S. mutans colonies.
Conclusions: H. pylori is found more often in patients with poor oral hygiene. Oral sanitation and hygiene instructions should be considered relevant as a complement to eradication therapy.
Keywords: Lactobacillus; PCR; Streptococcus mutans; dental plaque; saliva.