Preoperative knee deformity and kinematics impact postoperative knee kinematics in total knee arthroplasty

Knee. 2017 Dec;24(6):1462-1468. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2017.08.056. Epub 2017 Sep 30.

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the preoperative knee deformity/kinematic pattern and the postoperative knee kinematic pattern in posterior cruciate ligament substituting (PS)-total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: This study involved 39 patients with medial osteoarthritis who underwent a primary PS-TKA using a computed-tomography-based navigation system. All the operations were performed by a single surgeon using a subvastus approach, modified gap technique and the same PS type of prosthesis (Genesis II™ total knee system, Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA). Knee deformity, kinematic pattern after capsule incision (preoperative knee kinematics), and kinematic pattern after implantation (postoperative knee kinematics) in PS-TKA were measured. Kinematic patterns were divided into two groups: a medial pivot group and a non-medial pivot group.

Results: Preoperative varus knee deformity was significantly larger in the non-medial pivot group than in the medial pivot group (femorotibial angle: 184.7±6.4° vs. 180.8±3.9°, P<0.05). In addition, preoperative knee kinematics were conserved postoperatively, at a rate of 82% (P<0.01).

Conclusions: The severity of varus knee deformity and the preoperative knee kinematic pattern might have affected the postoperative knee kinematics in PS-TKA. This must be confirmed with a randomized controlled trial on a large population study.

Level of evidence: case control study, Level III.

Keywords: CT-based navigation; Kinematics; Medial pivot pattern; Total knee arthroplasty; Varus knee deformity.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / methods*
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Joint Deformities, Acquired / physiopathology
  • Joint Deformities, Acquired / surgery*
  • Knee Joint / diagnostic imaging
  • Knee Joint / physiopathology*
  • Knee Joint / surgery
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Osteoarthritis, Knee / physiopathology
  • Osteoarthritis, Knee / surgery*
  • Posterior Cruciate Ligament / surgery
  • Postoperative Period
  • Range of Motion, Articular
  • Surgery, Computer-Assisted / methods
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods