Background: In the United States, less than a quarter of mothers breastfeed in accordance with national recommendations. To date, researchers have demonstrated that paternal support directly influences breastfeeding outcomes; however, healthcare practitioners may not be able to quantify a lack of support in the immediate postpartum period. Research aim: The aim is to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding noninitiation and paternity acknowledgment, a factor that can be easily identified in the immediate postpartum period.
Methods: Data from the 2014 Vital Statistics Natality Birth database were analyzed. Analysis included primiparous singleton births with no health complications ( N = 1,127,861). Based on the birth certificate data, paternity acknowledgment was categorized as married with paternity acknowledged, unmarried with paternity acknowledged, and unmarried without paternity acknowledged. Breastfeeding initiation was dichotomized (yes or no). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios and 99% confidence intervals (α = .01).
Results: Approximately one in seven births had no paternity acknowledgment on their birth certificate. After adjusting for confounders, mothers who were not married but the paternity of the infant was acknowledged had 50% higher odds of breastfeeding noninitiation compared with mothers who were married and their infants' paternity was acknowledged (adjusted odds ratio = 1.50, 99% confidence interval [1.47, 1.53]). Furthermore, women who were unmarried and without paternity acknowledgment had 135% higher odds of breastfeeding noninitiation compared with married women with paternity acknowledgment (adjusted odds ratio = 2.35, 99% confidence interval [2.30, 2.41]).
Conclusion: Women whose births were not acknowledged by the fathers may need additional breastfeeding support from healthcare practitioners.
Keywords: breastfeeding; breastfeeding initiation; social support.