High-refined carbohydrate diet promotes detrimental effects on alveolar bone and femur microarchitecture

Arch Oral Biol. 2018 Feb:86:101-107. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.11.013. Epub 2017 Nov 28.

Abstract

The impact of high-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet on fat accumulation, adipokines secretion and systemic inflammation is well described. However, it remains unclear whether these processes affect bone remodeling.

Objective: To investigate the effects of HC diet in the alveolar bone and femur parameters.

Methods: BalbC mice were fed with conventional chow or HC diet for 12 weeks. After experimental time maxillae, femur, blood and white adipose tissue samples were collected.

Results: The animals feed with HC diet exhibited considerable increase of adiposity index and adipose tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TGF-β and leptin. Microtomography analysis of maxillary bone revealed horizontal alveolar bone loss and disruption of trabecular bone in mice feed with HC diet. These deleterious effects were correlated with a disturbance in bone cells and an augmented expression of Rankl/Opg ratio. Consistently, similar effects were observed in femurs, which also exhibited a reduction in bone maximum load and stiffness.

Conclusion: Our data indicates that HC diet consumption disrupts bone remodeling process, favoring bone loss. Underlying mechanisms relies on fat tissue accumulation and also in systemic and local inflammation.

Keywords: Alveolar bone loss; Bone remodeling; Carbohydrate; Obesity.

MeSH terms

  • Adipose Tissue / metabolism*
  • Alveolar Process / diagnostic imaging
  • Alveolar Process / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Bone Remodeling
  • Cytokines / blood
  • Diet, Carbohydrate Loading*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Femur / diagnostic imaging
  • Femur / metabolism*
  • Inflammation / etiology
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Male
  • Maxilla / diagnostic imaging
  • Maxilla / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Stress, Mechanical
  • X-Ray Microtomography

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Cytokines