Endothelial Cell-Derived Von Willebrand Factor, But Not Platelet-Derived, Promotes Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018 Mar;38(3):520-528. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.309918. Epub 2018 Jan 18.

Abstract

Objective: VWF (von Willebrand factor) is synthesized by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes and is known to contribute to atherosclerosis. In vitro studies suggest that platelet-derived VWF (Plt-VWF) is biochemically and functionally different from endothelial cell-derived VWF (EC-VWF). We determined the role of different pools of VWF in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.

Approach and results: Using bone marrow transplantation, we generated chimeric Plt-VWF, EC-VWF, and Plt-VWF mice lacking a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I repeats-13 in platelets and plasma on apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) background. Controls were chimeric Apoe-/- mice transplanted with bone marrow from Apoe-/- mice (wild type) and Vwf-/-Apoe-/- mice transplanted with bone marrow from Vwf-/-Apoe-/- mice (VWF-knock out). Susceptibility to atherosclerosis was evaluated in whole aortae and cross-sections of the aortic sinus in female mice fed a high-fat Western diet for 14 weeks. VWF-knock out, Plt-VWF, and Plt-VWF mice lacking a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I repeats-13 exhibited reduced plaque size characterized by smaller necrotic cores, reduced neutrophil and monocytes/macrophages content, decreased MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase), MMP2, and CX3CL1 (chemokine [C-X3-C motif] ligand 1)-positive area, and abundant interstitial collagen (P<0.05 versus wild-type or EC-VWF mice). Atherosclerotic lesion size and composition were comparable between wild-type or EC-VWF mice. Together these findings suggest that EC-VWF, but not Plt-VWF, promotes atherosclerosis exacerbation. Furthermore, intravital microscopy experiments revealed that EC-VWF, but not Plt-VWF, contributes to platelet and leukocyte adhesion under inflammatory conditions at the arterial shear rate.

Conclusions: EC-VWF, but not Plt-VWF, contributes to VWF-dependent atherosclerosis by promoting platelet adhesion and vascular inflammation. Plt-VWF even in the absence of a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I repeats-13, both in platelet and plasma, was not sufficient to promote atherosclerosis.

Keywords: apolipoproteins E; bone marrow; diet, Western; endothelial cells; von Willebrand factor.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ADAMTS13 Protein / genetics
  • ADAMTS13 Protein / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Aorta / metabolism*
  • Aorta / pathology
  • Aortic Diseases / blood
  • Aortic Diseases / genetics
  • Aortic Diseases / metabolism*
  • Aortic Diseases / pathology
  • Atherosclerosis / blood
  • Atherosclerosis / genetics
  • Atherosclerosis / metabolism*
  • Atherosclerosis / pathology
  • Blood Platelets / metabolism
  • Bone Marrow Transplantation
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Diet, High-Fat
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Endothelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Endothelial Cells / pathology
  • Female
  • Leukocytes / metabolism
  • Leukocytes / pathology
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout, ApoE
  • Plaque, Atherosclerotic
  • Platelet Adhesiveness
  • Sinus of Valsalva / metabolism
  • Sinus of Valsalva / pathology
  • von Willebrand Diseases / blood
  • von Willebrand Diseases / genetics
  • von Willebrand Diseases / metabolism*
  • von Willebrand Factor / genetics
  • von Willebrand Factor / metabolism*

Substances

  • von Willebrand Factor
  • ADAMTS13 protein, mouse
  • ADAMTS13 Protein