Dimethyl fumarate potentiates oncolytic virotherapy through NF-κB inhibition

Sci Transl Med. 2018 Jan 24;10(425):eaao1613. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao1613.

Abstract

Resistance to oncolytic virotherapy is frequently associated with failure of tumor cells to get infected by the virus. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a common treatment for psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, also has anticancer properties. We show that DMF and various fumaric and maleic acid esters (FMAEs) enhance viral infection of cancer cell lines as well as human tumor biopsies with several oncolytic viruses (OVs), improving therapeutic outcomes in resistant syngeneic and xenograft tumor models. This results in durable responses, even in models otherwise refractory to OV and drug monotherapies. The ability of DMF to enhance viral spread results from its ability to inhibit type I interferon (IFN) production and response, which is associated with its blockade of nuclear translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This study demonstrates that unconventional application of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and biological agents can result in improved anticancer therapeutic outcomes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cytokines / biosynthesis
  • Dimethyl Fumarate / pharmacology*
  • Esters / pharmacology
  • Fumarates / pharmacology
  • Glutathione / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Interferon Type I / pharmacology
  • Maleates / pharmacology
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism*
  • Oncolytic Virotherapy*
  • Oncolytic Viruses / drug effects
  • Oncolytic Viruses / physiology*
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Esters
  • Fumarates
  • Interferon Type I
  • Maleates
  • NF-kappa B
  • fumaric acid
  • maleic acid
  • Dimethyl Fumarate
  • Glutathione

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