DDX49 is an RNA helicase that affects translation by regulating mRNA export and the levels of pre-ribosomal RNA

Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jul 6;46(12):6304-6317. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky231.

Abstract

Among the proteins predicted to be a part of the DExD box RNA helicase family, the functions of DDX49 are unknown. Here, we characterize the enzymatic activities and functions of DDX49 by comparing its properties with the well-studied RNA helicase, DDX39B. We find that DDX49 exhibits a robust ATPase and RNA helicase activity, significantly higher than that of DDX39B. DDX49 is required for the efficient export of poly (A)+ RNA from nucleus in a splicing-independent manner. Furthermore, DDX49 is a resident protein of nucleolus and regulates the steady state levels of pre-ribosomal RNA by regulating its transcription and stability. These dual functions of regulating mRNA export and pre-ribosomal RNA levels enable DDX49 to modulate global translation. Phenotypically, DDX49 promotes proliferation and colony forming potential of cells. Strikingly, DDX49 is significantly elevated in diverse cancer types suggesting that the increased abundance of DDX49 has a role in oncogenic transformation of cells. Taken together, this study shows the physiological role of DDX49 in regulating distinct steps of mRNA and pre-ribosomal RNA metabolism and hence translation and potential pathological role of its dysregulation, especially in cancers.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Nucleolus / enzymology
  • Cell Nucleolus / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases / genetics
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Protein Biosynthesis*
  • RNA Helicases / metabolism*
  • RNA Precursors / biosynthesis
  • RNA Precursors / metabolism*
  • RNA Stability
  • RNA Transport
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism*
  • RNA, Ribosomal / metabolism*

Substances

  • RNA Precursors
  • RNA, Messenger
  • RNA, Ribosomal
  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • DDX49 protein, human
  • DEAD-box RNA Helicases
  • RNA Helicases