Measurements of ankle pressure index (API) and arterial flow velocity including calculation of pulsatility index (PI) from the common femoral and pedal arteries were performed in 89 limbs of 75 patients before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (63 iliac and 26 femoropopliteal). A pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound flowmeter was used. An increase of API at rest of at least 0.15 or the absence of pressure drop after exercise following PTA was used as criteria for a hemodynamically successful angioplasty. In patients with hemodynamically successful PTA of an iliac obstruction PI increased from 4.2 to 8.6 (p less than 0.001); 91 per cent of these patients improved clinically. When iliac angioplasty was hemodynamically unsuccessful, PI remained unchanged; 11 per cent of these patients improved clinically. All limbs with hemodynamically successful PTA of a femoropopliteal obstruction improved clinically and PI increased from 3.1 to 8.7 (p less than 0.001). After hemodynamically unsuccessful femoropopliteal PTA, PI remained unchanged though 25 per cent of these patients improved clinically. These results illustrate that measurement of arterial flow velocity with calculation of PI may be a useful supplement for the functional evaluation of the effect of PTA, since symptomatic response alone may be unreliable.