Temporal trends and patterns in antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria implicated in intensive care unit-acquired infections: A cohort-based surveillance study in Istanbul, Turkey

Bulent Durdu; Evangelos I Kritsotakis; Andrew C K Lee; Perihan Torun; Ismail N Hakyemez; Bilge Gultepe; Turan Aslan

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.015

Temporal trends and patterns in antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria implicated in intensive care unit-acquired infections: A cohort-based surveillance study in Istanbul, Turkey

J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2018 Sep:14:190-196. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.015. Epub 2018 May 8.

Authors

Bulent Durdu¹, Evangelos I Kritsotakis², Andrew C K Lee³, Perihan Torun⁴, Ismail N Hakyemez¹, Bilge Gultepe⁵, Turan Aslan¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
² School of Health and Related Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK. Electronic address: e.kritsotakis@sheffield.ac.uk.
³ School of Health and Related Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK.
⁴ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.

PMID: 29751127
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.015

Abstract

Objectives: This study assessed trends and patterns in antimicrobial-resistant intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Istanbul, Turkey.

Methods: Bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility data were collected for all GNB causing nosocomial infections in five adult ICUs of a large university hospital in 2012-2015. Multiresistance patterns were categorised as multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR). Temporal patterns and trends were assessed using regression analyses.

Results: Of 991 pathogenic GNB recorded, the most frequent were Acinetobacter baumannii (35.3%), Klebsiella spp. (26.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.1%) and Escherichia coli (6.7%). The overall infection rate decreased by 41% from 18.4 to 10.9 cases per 1000 patient-days in 2012 compared with 2015 (P<0.001), mostly representing decreases in bloodstream infections and pneumonias by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. The XDR proportion in A. baumannii increased from 52.4% in 2012 to 71.7% in 2015, but only one isolate was colistin-resistant. Multiresistance patterns remained stable in Klebsiella, with overall XDR and possible PDR proportions of 14.3% and 1.9%, respectively. A back-to-susceptibility trend was noted for P. aeruginosa in which the non-MDR proportion increased from 53.3% in 2012 to 70.6% in 2015. Moreover, 87.9% of E. coli and 39.5% of Enterobacter isolates were MDR, but none was XDR.

Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance patterns in pathogenic GNB continuously change over time and may not reflect single-agent resistance trends. The proportionate amount of antimicrobial-resistant GNB may persist despite overall decreasing infection rates. Timely regional surveillance data are thus imperative for optimal infection control.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Gram-negative bacteria; Intensive care unit; Nosocomial infection; Surveillance; Time trends.

MeSH terms

Acinetobacter baumannii
Aged
Cohort Studies
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
Escherichia coli
Female
Gram-Negative Bacteria / classification*
Gram-Negative Bacteria / drug effects
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / classification
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / epidemiology*
Humans
Intensive Care Units
Klebsiella
Male
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Middle Aged
Population Surveillance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Regression Analysis
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Turkey / epidemiology