Fifty-two patients have undergone tracheobronchial reconstruction for bronchogenic carcinomas over a 20 year period and have been evaluated from the view point of prognosis. Five-year survival rates of the patients undergoing reconstructive operations were as follows: 35% for the total group, 50% for those with squamous cell carcinoma, and 64% for those with Stage I and II disease. No patients with adenocarcinoma or Stage III disease have survived more than 5 years. However, the number of patients with early adenocarcinoma was too small for us to conclude that the histologic type per se affected survival. Six of eight patients with sleeve lobectomy and pulmonary artery reconstruction died within 2 years, 7 months postoperatively. Five of seven patients died within 1 year after carinal reconstruction. However, two are alive at 4 months and 2 years, 9 months after left or right sleeve pneumonectomy. In summary, any types of lobectomy or pneumonectomy with reconstruction of the tracheobronchial tree can be conducted in patients with Stage I and II lung cancer. Sleeve lobectomy with pulmonary artery reconstruction can be an alternative to pneumonectomy when pneumonectomy is contraindicated because of low cardiopulmonary reserve. In patients undergoing reconstruction of the carina, prophylactic radiation therapy may be necessary during the postoperative course.