Decompression illness (DCI) is the main risk associated with scuba diving. Some divers ("bubblers") are more sensitive to DCI than others ("non-bubblers"). We found that there are active hydrophobic spots (AHS) on the luminal aspect of ovine blood vessels, which contain the surfactant dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). DPPC leaks from the lung into the plasma, settling on the blood vessel to create AHS. These are the main source of gas micronuclei from which bubbles develop after decompression. A correlation between bubbling ovine blood vessels and the animal's plasma DPPC might lead to the development of a blood test for vulnerability to DCI. Samples from ovine blood vessels were stretched on microscope slides, placed anaerobically in saline at the bottom of a Pyrex bowl, and exposed to high pressure. Automated photography was used after decompression to reveal AHS by visualising their bubble production. Phospholipids were extracted from the AHS and plasma for determination of DPPC. Bubbling was unrelated to the concentration of DPPC in the plasma (2.15 ± 0.87 μg/ml). Bubble production from the AHS (n = 130) as a function of their DPPC content yielded two groups, one unrelated to DPPC and the other which demonstrated increased bubbling with elevation of DPPC. We suggest this may be related to alternate layering with hydrophobic and hydrophilic phospholipids. This study reinforces the connection between DPPC and DCI. However, a blood test for diver vulnerability to decompression stress is not recommended.
Keywords: Decompression illness; Endothelium; Nucleation; Sheep; Stabilisation; Surfactant.
Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.