Introduction: Human leptospirosis (HL) in the Federal District (DF), Brazil, is endemic and requires studies to characterize the socio-epidemiological profile of the vulnerable population.
Methods: Seventy-nine autochthonous cases of HL between 2011-2015 were analyzed based on the databases of the Epidemiological and Environmental Health Surveillance Department, DF.
Results: The male population aged 31-45 years represented 86% of the leptospirosis cases; most belonged to the social classes D and E.
Conclusions: In the DF, preventive measures should be concentrated on economically active male adults of social classes C, D, and E with the aim of promoting health.