Autoimmune kidney diseases triggered by viruses are an important cause of kidney disease in patients affected by chronic viral infection. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with membranous nephropathy and polyarteritis nodosa. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop HIV-associated nephropathy, a form of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or various forms of immune-complex-mediated kidney diseases. This article summarizes what is known about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of immune-mediated kidney diseases in adults with chronic HBV, HCV, and HIV infections.
Keywords: Direct-acting antivirals; Glomerulonephritis; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Interferon; Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome.
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