FITC-labeled d-glucose analog is suitable as a probe for detecting insulin-dependent glucose uptake

Abstract

The detection of the insulin-dependent glucose uptake is a vital part in the research of diabetes. To establish a sensitive assay for measuring glucose uptake in living cells, we synthesized a FITC linked d-glucosamine 2 as a probe. 2 was obtained by the reaction of commercially available d-glucosamine hydrochloride and FITC and was determined as a single anomeric form by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. 2 exhibited good water solubility and stability. An uptake assay in HepG2 cells with or without insulin demonstrated that FITC showed strong cellular uptake, whereas uptake of 2 is much less but is insulin dependent. This suggests that 2 is specifically transported into cells through a receptor that is regulated by insulin and has potential application in screening of compounds or genes that regulate the insulin-dependence in cell-based assays.

Keywords: Diabetes; FITC; Glucose uptake; Insulin-dependence; Probe; Synthesis.