Hormonal Risk Factors for Osteoporosis: Different Profile Among Antipsychotics

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Dec;28(10):719-726. doi: 10.1089/cap.2017.0158. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Abstract

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for fracture and treatment is mainly preventive. Patients with severe psychiatric condition and treated with antipsychotics are at risk for vitamin D deficiency and iatrogenic hyperprolactinemia, two serious risk factors of osteoporosis. We aim to determine whether all antipsychotics are similar regarding the risk of osteoporosis in young patients. Methods: From January 2009 to March 2015, we determined the vitamin D blood level (VDBL) among 484 inpatients and from January 2012 to March 2015, we determined the prolactin blood level (PBL) among 205 inpatients. We systematically recorded well-documented risk factors (e.g., age, gender, ethnic origin, body mass index, or season) and suspected risk factors (e.g., disease type or antipsychotic treatment). Results: Up to 89% of the inpatients had a VDBL under the recommended threshold. Up to 60% of the inpatients had hyperprolactinemia. The multivariate model found a significant effect on VDBL for seasonality (higher VDBL in summer), ethnicity (lower VDBL in Black individuals), and treatment exposure. The multivariate model found a significant effect on PBL for gender and treatment exposure. In both models, aripiprazole had a safer profile compared with other antipsychotics. Conclusion: Because adolescence is a period of bone construction and a critical window of opportunity for maximizing bone mass, we recommend vitamin D supplementation in young patients with severe mental condition. It could be interesting to reconsider to regularly monitor PBL among youth patients treated with antipsychotic, with the exception of aripiprazole.

Keywords: children; osteoporosis; prolactin; second-generation antipsychotics; vitamin D.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Antipsychotic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antipsychotic Agents / adverse effects*
  • Bone Density / drug effects
  • Child
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperprolactinemia* / blood
  • Hyperprolactinemia* / chemically induced
  • Male
  • Mental Disorders / drug therapy*
  • Osteoporosis* / blood
  • Osteoporosis* / diagnosis
  • Osteoporosis* / etiology
  • Osteoporosis* / therapy
  • Osteoporotic Fractures / etiology
  • Osteoporotic Fractures / prevention & control
  • Prolactin / blood*
  • Risk Factors
  • Vitamin D / blood*
  • Vitamin D Deficiency* / blood
  • Vitamin D Deficiency* / chemically induced

Substances

  • Antipsychotic Agents
  • Vitamin D
  • Prolactin