Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption and Sessile Serrated Polyps in Subjects 30 to 49 Years Old

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Jul;17(8):1551-1560.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.11.034. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Abstract

Background & aims: We investigated the prevalence of sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) and the association between SSP risk and modifiable lifestyle factors in asymptomatic young adults.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using a screening colonoscopy database of 13,618 asymptomatic subjects age 30 to 49 years, and 17,999 subjects age 50 to 75 years. We investigated risk factors of SSP by multivariable analyses of clinical data that included cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption.

Results: In subjects age 30 to 49 years, the prevalence of SSP was 2.0% (275 of 13,618 individuals). Of all SSPs, 40.7% (112 of 275 SSPs) were large (≥10 mm). Smoking for 20 or more pack-years was associated with overall SSPs (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17-2.99) and large SSPs (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.62-5.66). The association between anatomic location and 20 or more pack-years of smoking was stronger for distal SSPs than for proximal SSPs (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.27-5.77 vs OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.00-2.54). Cessation of smoking for 5 years or more decreased the risk of SSPs (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28-0.86) and of large SSPs (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.54). Alcohol consumption was associated with large SSPs. These findings were similar for subjects age 50 to 75 years.

Conclusions: In an analysis of a screening colonoscopy database, we found that in asymptomatic young adults, smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with any SSPs and large SSPs. Cessation of smoking decreased the risk of SSPs. Therefore, early lifestyle modification may be recommended for primary prevention of SSPs in young adults.

Keywords: Colon Cancer; Early Detection; Neoplasia; Risk Factors.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Alcohol Drinking / adverse effects*
  • Cigarette Smoking / adverse effects*
  • Colonic Polyps / diagnosis
  • Colonic Polyps / epidemiology
  • Colonic Polyps / etiology*
  • Colonoscopy / methods
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Life Style
  • Male
  • Mass Screening / methods*
  • Middle Aged
  • Republic of Korea / epidemiology
  • Risk Assessment / methods*
  • Risk Factors