Effect of α-Methoxy Substitution on the Anti-HIV Activity of Dihydropyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones

J Med Chem. 2019 Jan 24;62(2):604-621. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01238. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Abstract

Conformational restriction applied to dihydrobenzylpyrimidin-4-(3 H)-ones (DABOs) by the intoduction of a methyl group at the α-benzylic position is known to massively improve the anti-HIV-1 activity of these compounds. Here, we report the effects of methoxy substitution at the α-benzylic position in S-, NH-, and N, N-DABOs carrying 2,6-difluoro, 2-chloro-6-fluoro, or 2,6-dichloro substituted benzyl moieties. The various α-methoxy DABO series (12-14) present different SAR at the dihalo benzyl substitution, with the most potent compounds (12d,e and 13c) showing similar (picomolar/nanomolar) anti-HIV-1 potency as the corresponding α-methyl analogues against wt HIV-1, and 10-100-fold increased potency (up to low nanomolar) against clinically relevant K103N, Y181C, Y188L, IRLL98, and K103N+Y181C HIV-1 mutant strains, highlighting the importance of the α-methoxy substitution to provide highly efficient DABOs as "second generation" NNRTIs. HPLC enantioseparation of three of the most potent derivatives (12d, 13c, and 14c) provided single enantiomers with significant enantioselectivity in HIV-1 inhibition. Computational studies allowed to correlate the best antiviral activity with the ( R) absolute configuration at the α-methoxy stereogenic center.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / chemistry*
  • Anti-HIV Agents / metabolism
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology
  • Binding Sites
  • Cell Line
  • Drug Resistance, Viral / drug effects
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase / genetics
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / drug effects
  • HIV-1 / genetics
  • Humans
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Mutation
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Pyrimidinones / chemistry*
  • Pyrimidinones / metabolism
  • Pyrimidinones / pharmacology
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Pyrimidinones
  • HIV Reverse Transcriptase