Variations on the theme of podosomes: A matter of context

Abstract

Extensive in vitro studies have described podosomes as actin-based structures at the plasma membrane, connecting the cell with its extracellular matrix and endowed with multiple capabilities. Contractile actin-myosin cables assemble them into a network that constitutes a multifaceted cellular superstructure taking different forms - with common characteristics - but manifesting different properties depending on the context of study. Their morphology and their role in cell functioning and behavior are therefore now apprehended in in vivo or in vitro situations relevant to physiological processes. We focus here on three of them, namely: macrophage migration, antigen presentation by dendritic cells and endothelial cell sprouting during angiogenesis to highlight the characteristics of podosomes and their functioning shaped by the microenvironment.

Keywords: Basement membrane; Extracellular matrix; Invasion; Mechanosensing; Microenvironment; Podosomes.