Three-Dimensional Balance Training Using Visual Feedback on Balance and Walking Ability in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Apr;28(4):994-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.12.016. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Abstract

Background: Trunk-activating exercises for balance are important because trunk weakness is relevant to the functional performance of individuals with stroke. This study aimed to explore the effects of three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback on balance and walking ability in subacute stroke patients.

Methods: Twenty-four participants with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Each group underwent twenty sessions (30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks). Patients were assessed using the Berg balance scale, gait parameters (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double-limb support period) using GAITRite, and activity-specific balance confidence score, before and after the intervention.

Results: The three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback exhibited greater changes in the Berg balance scale, gait speed, cadence, step length, double-limb support period, and activity-specific balance confidence compared with the control group. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in Berg balance scale (P = .012; 95% CI, 2.585-6.415), gait speed (P = .001; 95% CI, .079-.155), cadence (P = .001; 95% CI, 1.622-4.392), step length (P = .003; 95% CI, 1.864-3.908), double-limb support period (P = .003; 95% CI, -3.259 to -0.761) and activity-specific confidence (P = .008; 95% CI, 6.964-14.036) between groups.

Conclusion: Three-dimensional balance training using visual feedback may be more effective than conventional training in improving balance, walking ability, and activity-specific balance confidence in patients with subacute stroke.

Keywords: Balance; stroke; subacute; three-dimensional balance training; walking ability.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Exercise Therapy / methods*
  • Feedback, Sensory*
  • Female
  • Gait Analysis
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / diagnosis
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / etiology
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / physiopathology
  • Gait Disorders, Neurologic / rehabilitation*
  • Gait*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pilot Projects
  • Postural Balance*
  • Recovery of Function
  • Republic of Korea
  • Sensation Disorders / diagnosis
  • Sensation Disorders / etiology
  • Sensation Disorders / physiopathology
  • Sensation Disorders / rehabilitation*
  • Single-Blind Method
  • Stroke / complications
  • Stroke / diagnosis
  • Stroke / physiopathology
  • Stroke / therapy*
  • Stroke Rehabilitation / methods*
  • Time Factors
  • Torso / innervation*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Visual Perception