Catastrophic costs of treating drug resistant TB patients in a tertiary care hospital in India

Abstract

Background: Private healthcare is choice of point of care for 70% of Indians. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment is costly and involves duration as long as 2 years.

Aim: To estimate costs to patients undergoing treatment for MDR-TB.

Methods: A health-economics questionnaire was administered to 50 consecutive patients who successfully completed ambulatory private treatment for MDR-TB. Direct costs included drug costs, investigations, consultation fees, travel costs, hospitalisation and invasive procedures and cost prior to presentation to us. Indirect costs included loss of income.

Results: Of our cohort of 50 patients, 36 had pulmonary TB while 14 had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). 40 had MDR-TB and 10 had XDR-TB. There were 15 males and 35 females. Mean age was 30 years (range 16-61 years). Treatment cost for pulmonary MDR-TB averaged $5723 while it averaged $8401 for pulmonary XDR-TB and $5609 for EPTB. The major expense was due to drug costs (37%) while consultation fees were only 5%. Annual individual income for the cohort ranged from $0 to $63,000 (mean $11,430). On average, the cost of treatment ranged from 2.56% to 180.34% of the annual family income. 34/50 (68%) had total costs greater than 20% of annual family income and 39/50 (78%) had total costs greater than 10% of annual family income. The number of patients with total costs >40% of total family income was 22.

Conclusion: MDR-TB in the private sector results in "catastrophic health costs". Financial and social support is essential for patients undergoing treatment for MDR-TB.

Keywords: Health-economics; Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis; Mumbai.