Factors affecting germination of bacterial spores as well as chemical inhibition of germination are reviewed. Current theories on the nature of initiation of the germination process are also presented. Transformation of a dormant bacterial spore into a metabolically active vegetative cell involves a myriad of complex biochemical events of which the "trigger reaction" is thought to be the prime event. The ability to control or prevent this complex sequence of events from occurring by manipulation of environmental factors or use of chemical inhibitors has been the objective of numerous research endeavors. A thorough understanding of these factors is important to both maintenance and future development of an adequate, safe and wholesome food supply.