Fabricating CsPbX3-based heterostructures has proven to be a feasible way to tune their photophysical properties. Here, we report the successful fabrication of Janus CsPbX3/ZrO2 heterostructure nanocrystals (NCs), in which each CsPbX3 NC is partially covered by ZrO2. According to the band alignment, CsPbBr3/ZrO2 and CsPbI3/ZrO2 can be indexed as type I and type II composites, respectively. The type I composites display great enhancement in photoluminescence quantum yield (from 63 to 90%) and photoluminescence lifetime (from 12.9 to 66.1 ns) because of the charge carrier confinement and passivation effect provided by ZrO2. In contrast, the type II composites can be used in photocatalytic reduction of CO2 because electrons and holes are effectively separated and accumulated in ZrO2 and CsPbI3, respectively, under irradiation. Janus CsPbBr3/ZrO2 NCs showed a stability much higher than that of pristine CsPbBr3 against polar solvent treatment. A stable and highly efficient light-emitting device with luminous efficiency up to 55 lm W-1 is fabricated by using CsPbBr3/ZrO2 NCs as the green light source. This work may not only enrich the family of surface-passivated perovskite materials but also provide a good example for the rational design of specific composites in the metal halide perovskite field.
Keywords: CsPbX nanocrystals; LED; ZrO; type I composite; type II composite.