Identification of potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist showing favorable PK profile and distribution toward target tissues: Comprehensive understanding of structure-activity relationship of FXR antagonists

Naoki Teno; Yukiko Yamashita; Arisa Masuda; Yusuke Iguchi; Keisuke Oda; Ko Fujimori; Takie Hiramoto; Tomoko Nishimaki-Mogami; Mizuho Une; Keigo Gohda

doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.029

Identification of potent farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist showing favorable PK profile and distribution toward target tissues: Comprehensive understanding of structure-activity relationship of FXR antagonists

Bioorg Med Chem. 2019 Jun 1;27(11):2220-2227. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.029. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; Faculty of Clinical Nutrition, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan. Electronic address: n-teno@ps.hirokoku-u.ac.jp.
² Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
³ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
⁴ Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
⁵ National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-18-1, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
⁶ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan.
⁷ Computer-aided Molecular Modeling Research Center, Kansai (CAMM-Kansai), 3-32-302, Tsuto-Otsuka, Nishinomiya 663-8241, Japan.

PMID: 31029550
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.029

Abstract

Antagonizing transcriptional activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the intestine has been reported as an effective means for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. We describe herein that the building blocks necessary to maintain the antagonism of our chemotype were investigated in order to modulate in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior and the tissue distribution without blunting the activity against FXR. A comprehensive understanding of the structure-activity relationship led to analog 30, which is superior to 12 in terms of its pharmacokinetic profiles by oral administration and its tissue distribution toward target tissues (liver and ileum) in rats while preserving the in vitro activity of 12 against FXR. Thus, 30 should be a candidate compound to investigate the effects of inhibiting FXR activity while simultaneously improving the outcome of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Keywords: Antagonists; Benzimidazole scaffold; FXR; In vivo PK; Tissue distribution.

MeSH terms

Administration, Intravenous
Administration, Oral
Animals
Anti-Obesity Agents / administration & dosage
Anti-Obesity Agents / chemical synthesis
Anti-Obesity Agents / pharmacokinetics
Benzimidazoles / administration & dosage
Benzimidazoles / chemical synthesis
Benzimidazoles / pharmacokinetics*
Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage
Hypoglycemic Agents / chemical synthesis
Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacokinetics
Ileum / metabolism
Liver / metabolism
Male
Molecular Structure
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / antagonists & inhibitors*
Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

Anti-Obesity Agents
Benzimidazoles
Hypoglycemic Agents
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
farnesoid X-activated receptor