Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma: Updates on Classification and Management

Abstract

Atypical fibroxanthoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, or pleomorphic dermal sarcoma, are rare malignant cutaneous neoplasms existing along a clinicopathologic spectrum. Although these tumors share many similarities, recognition of distinguishing characteristics may predict differences in clinical behavior and outcomes. Salient features defining atypical fibroxanthoma include superficial tumors with minimal high-risk histologic features. Deeper tumors with high-risk histologic features are often clinically aggressive and should be appropriately designated as pleomorphic dermal sarcoma. Surgery remains gold standard in management; tumor extirpation with complete margin control is critical. In the high-risk tumor cohort, comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary management is paramount for optimal outcomes.

Keywords: Atypical fibroxanthoma; Cancer; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma; Micrographic surgery; Mohs; Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma; Sarcoma; Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma.