The previously uncharacterized lncRNA APP promotes prostate cancer progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA

Int J Cancer. 2020 Jan 15;146(2):475-486. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32422. Epub 2019 Jun 4.

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding the inherited molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the progression of PCa to a lethal disease could have an important impact on cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis. In our study, PCa-associated lncRNA transcripts from RNA-seq data were identified and screened via bioinformatics analysis, NCBI annotations and literature review. We identified a novel lncRNA, lncAPP (lncRNA activated in PCa progression), which activates in PCa progression and is expressed in primary tumor tissues and urine samples of patients with localized or advanced PCa. Urinary-based lncAPP is a promising biomarker for predicting PCa progression. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that lncAPP enhanced cell proliferation and promoted migration and invasion. The underlying mechanism of lncRNA was investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter system assay, etc. Upregulation of lncAPP promoted cell migration and invasion via competitively binding miR218 to facilitate ZEB2/CDH2 expression. In addition, in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenograft models and tail intravenously injection metastatic models were constructed to evaluate lncRNA function. Targeting lncAPP/miR218 axis in cell lines and tumor xenografts restrained tumor progression properties both in vitro and in vivo. These results establish that lncAPP/miR218 axis plays a critical role in PCa progression, and they also suggest new strategies to prevent tumor progression for therapeutic purposes.

Keywords: competing endogenous RNA; lncAPP; long noncoding RNA; miR218; prostate cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD / genetics
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / urine
  • Cadherins / genetics
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Movement / genetics
  • Cell Proliferation / genetics
  • Disease Progression
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice
  • MicroRNAs / genetics*
  • MicroRNAs / metabolism
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / genetics
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Prostate / pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / urine
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / genetics
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / metabolism*
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / urine
  • RNA-Seq
  • Up-Regulation
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
  • Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2 / genetics

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • CDH2 protein, human
  • Cadherins
  • MIRN218 microRNA, human
  • MicroRNAs
  • RNA, Long Noncoding
  • ZEB2 protein, human
  • Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2