1 Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBPAS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
2 Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of General Anesthesia, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Ohio, Cleveland, OH, United States of America. Electronic address: Turana@ccf.org.