Modified EPOCH for high-risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma in sub-Saharan Africa

Cancer Med. 2020 Jan;9(1):77-83. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2631. Epub 2019 Nov 9.

Abstract

Aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is among the most common cancers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where CHOP is standard treatment and outcomes are poor. To address this, we treated 17 newly diagnosed adult patients in Malawi with Burkitt (n = 8), plasmablastic (n = 8), and primary effusion lymphoma (n = 1) with a modified EPOCH regimen between 2016 and 2019. Twelve patients (71%) were male and the median age was 40 years (range 16-63). Eleven (65%) were HIV infected, median CD4 count was 218 cells/µL (range 9-460), and nine (82%) had suppressed HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL. Patients received a median of six cycles (range 2-8) and median follow-up was 14 months (range 2-34) among patients still alive. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 26% of cycles and in 65% of patients. Sixteen (94%) responded to EPOCH and 10 (59%) achieved a complete response. One-year overall survival (OS) was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%-91%). Five patients (29%) died from progressive NHL and three (18%) from treatment-related complications. These data suggest EPOCH with setting-appropriate modifications may be a practical, safe, and effective option for improving high-risk NHL outcomes in Malawi and comparable settings, which deserves further prospective evaluation.

Keywords: global health; modified EPOCH; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; sub-Saharan Africa.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage*
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / adverse effects
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage
  • Cyclophosphamide / adverse effects
  • Doxorubicin / administration & dosage
  • Doxorubicin / adverse effects
  • Etoposide / administration & dosage
  • Etoposide / adverse effects
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • HIV Infections / blood
  • HIV Infections / complications
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology*
  • Humans
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / blood
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / complications
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / drug therapy*
  • Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / mortality
  • Malawi / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neutropenia / chemically induced
  • Neutropenia / epidemiology*
  • Prednisone / administration & dosage
  • Prednisone / adverse effects
  • Progression-Free Survival
  • RNA, Viral / blood
  • Vincristine / administration & dosage
  • Vincristine / adverse effects
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • RNA, Viral
  • Vincristine
  • Etoposide
  • Doxorubicin
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Prednisone

Supplementary concepts

  • EPOCH protocol