Self-cured resin modified by quaternary ammonium methacrylates and chlorhexidine: Cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, physical, and mechanical properties

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the addition of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and chlorhexidine diacetate on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, physical, and mechanical properties of a self-cured resin.

Methods: 132 disk-shaped and 48 rectangular specimens were divided into four experimental groups as described: Control Group (CG - no addition), dCHX (1%), DMAHDM (5%), and DMAHDM+dCHX (5%+1%). The biofilm viability, flexural strength (FS - ISO 20795-1:2013), surface roughness (SR), and color stability (ΔE) were analyzed after being stored for 4 weeks in distilled water and immersed for 72h in coffee. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24h, 3, and 7 days of elution using an MTT test on L929 cells (ISO 10993-5:2009). SR and ΔE were measured by a contact profilometer and a spectrophotometer using the CIELab parameter. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni's/Tukey's tests (p≤0.05).

Results: Significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was detected in all groups when compared to the CG (p<0.05). Only the dCHX group, in 24h of elution, demonstrated no cytotoxicity effects. There was a statistical difference for FS on the tested groups (p<0.05). No differences were detected in the initial roughness' measurements among the groups (p>0.05). However, after storage and immersion in coffee, the groups containing DMAHDM presented with rougher surfaces and significantly lower color stability compared to the control (p<0.05).

Significance: The addition of dCHX and DMAHDM in self-cured resin presented antimicrobial properties; however, cytotoxicity, physical, and mechanical properties were compromised.

Keywords: Biofilm inhibition; Chlorhexidine; Cytotoxicity; Mechanical properties; PMMA; Physical properties; Quaternary of ammonium methacrylate.