Cancer screening is a prominent strategy in cancer control in the United States, yet the ability to correctly interpret cancer screening data seems to elude many researchers, clinicians, and policy makers. Assessment of Cancer Screening: A Primer aims to rectify that situation by teaching readers, in simple language and with straightforward examples, why and how the population-level cancer burden changes when screening is implemented, and how we assess whether that change is of benefit. The book provides an in-depth look at the many aspects of cancer screening and its assessment, including screening phenomena, performance measures, population-level outcomes, research designs, and other important and timely topics. Assessment of Cancer Screening: A Primer is best suited to those with education or experience in clinical research or public health in the United States. No previous knowledge of cancer screening assessment is necessary. Assessment of Cancer Screening: A Primer is the first book dedicated to cancer screening theory and methodology to be published in 20 years. It fills a serious gap in the medical literature: it is a short, accessible, and focused reference on cancer screening as it occurs in the United States.