Behavioral Management of Laryngeal Complaints Caused by Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Medically Refractory Epilepsy

Abstract

Objectives/hypothesis: This study investigated behavioral management of dysphonia and laryngeal dyspnea secondary to use of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in an individual with medically refractory epilepsy.

Study design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Medical records from a single patient were reviewed. The patient received treatment with the speech-language pathologist (SLP) and laryngologist to observe patterns of laryngeal hyperfunction using biofeedback, and treatment with the SLP to learn to perform rescue breathing techniques, relaxation techniques, and awareness of muscle tension to aid the control of symptoms during activation. Data collected included neurology and laryngology notes. Neurology notes were used to track VNS settings, tolerance, and incidence of seizures. Laryngology notes included documentation of diagnosis, treatment, and measures of patient perception of severity (ie, Voice Handicap Index, Dyspnea Index, Cough Severity Index).

Results: Prior to treatment, the patient was unable to receive benefits from VNS due to severe laryngeal adverse effects, such that the device remained off for eight months postimplantation. Following treatment, the patient effectively managed laryngeal side effects and was able to tolerate increases in VNS output current, signal frequency, and duration.

Conclusions: Voice therapy was effective in managing changes in vocal fold mobility and laryngeal tension. As the number of individuals receiving VNS for epilepsy and inflammatory conditions increases, the SLP and laryngologist may play a key role in interdisciplinary management of laryngeal side effects secondary to vagal nerve stimulation.

Keywords: Laryngology; Respiratory Retraining; Vagal Nerve Stimulator; Voice Therapy.