Organic compounds in produced waters from the Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formation in the Williston Basin, North Dakota

Matthew S Varonka; Tanya J Gallegos; Anne L Bates; Colin Doolan; William H Orem

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03590

Organic compounds in produced waters from the Bakken Formation and Three Forks Formation in the Williston Basin, North Dakota

Heliyon. 2020 Mar 13;6(3):e03590. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03590. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Authors

Matthew S Varonka¹, Tanya J Gallegos¹, Anne L Bates¹, Colin Doolan¹, William H Orem¹

Affiliation

¹ U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 956, Reston, VA, 20192, USA.

Abstract

The organic composition of produced waters (flowback and formation waters) from the middle member of the Bakken Formation and the Three Forks Formation in the Williston Basin, North Dakota were examined to aid in the remediation of surface contamination and help develop treatment methods for produced-water recycling. Twelve produced water samples were collected from the Bakken and Three Forks Formations and analyzed for non-purgeable dissolved organic carbon (NPDOC), acetate, and extractable hydrocarbons. NPDOC and acetate concentrations from sampled wells from ranged from 33-190 mg per liter (mg/L) and 16-40 mg/L, respectively. Concentrations of individual extractable hydrocarbon compounds ranged from less than 1 to greater than 400 μg per liter (μg/L), and included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds, glycol ethers, and cyclic ketones. While the limited number of samples, varying well production age, and lack of knowledge of on-going well treatments complicate conclusions, this report adds to the limited knowledge of organics in produced waters from the Bakken and Three Forks Formations.

Keywords: Bakken shale; Environmental science; Hydraulic fracturing; Organic chemistry; Organic substances; Produced water; Unconventional oil and gas; Wastewater disposal.