Exercise training delays renal disorders with decreasing oxidative stress and increasing production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

J Hypertens. 2020 Jul;38(7):1336-1346. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002409.

Abstract

Objective: Exercise training has antihypertensive and renoprotective effects in humans and rats. However, the effects of exercise training on renal disorders that occur with salt-sensitive hypertension remains unclear. The study aim was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of exercise training on renal function in a rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension.

Methods: Six-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were divided into normal-salt (0.6% NaCl) diet, high-salt (8% NaCl) diet, and high-salt diet with exercise training groups. The high-salt diet with exercise training group underwent daily treadmill running for 8 weeks.

Results: The high-salt diet induced severe hypertension and renal dysfunction. Exercise training significantly improved high-salt diet-induced urinary protein, albumin, and L-type fatty acid-binding protein excretion, and glomerulosclerosis but not renal interstitial fibrosis without changing blood pressure. Exercise training significantly attenuated high-salt diet-induced oxidative stress in the kidneys and decreased high-salt diet-stimulated xanthine oxidoreductase activity but not nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity. The high-salt diet did not change urinary excretion of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and decreased cytochrome P450 4A protein expression in the kidneys. Exercise training increased urinary 20-hydoroxyeicosatetraenoic acid excretion and renal cytochrome P450 4A protein expression.

Conclusion: Exercise training improved renal disorders without lowering blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Exercise training also decreased oxidative stress and increased 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production in the kidneys. These results suggest that improvements in oxidative stress and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production may be potential mechanisms by which exercise training improved renal disorders in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antihypertensive Agents / pharmacology
  • Arachidonic Acid / metabolism
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects*
  • Fibrosis
  • Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / metabolism*
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Kidney / physiopathology
  • Kidney Diseases / physiopathology*
  • Male
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects*
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred Dahl
  • Sodium Chloride / pharmacology
  • Sodium Chloride, Dietary / pharmacology
  • Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids
  • Sodium Chloride, Dietary
  • Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
  • Arachidonic Acid
  • Sodium Chloride
  • 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid