Background: Fluoroquinolones are used for conditions including sinusitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections. It has been suggested that exposure to fluoroquinolones for these conditions is associated with disability resulting from adverse events in 2 or more organ systems. The objectives were to: describe: 1) fluoroquinolone, azithromycin, and sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim utilization for these infections; 2) the rate of disability associated with exposure to each of these antibiotic classes and adverse events in 2 or more system organ classes, and 3) compare outcome rates for each of the antibiotic classes.
Methods: This study was conducted using administrative data to mitigate the limitations of spontaneous reports. The sampling frame was a U.S. population with both medical and disability insurance, including patients with the above uncomplicated infections who were prescribed the antibiotics of interest. The primary outcome was an incident short-term disability claim associated with adverse events in 2 different organ systems within 120 days of exposure. A matched analysis was used to compare the outcome for patients receiving each of the drug classes.
Results: After propensity score matching, there were 119,653 individuals in each of the exposure groups. There were 264 fluoroquinolone associated disability events and 243 azithromycin/ sulfamethoxazole associated disability events (relative risk =1.09 (95% CI: 0.92-1.30; calibrated p = 0.84)). The results were not significantly different from the null hypothesis of no difference between groups.
Conclusion: Comparative assessments are difficult to conduct in spontaneous reports. This examination of disability associated with adverse events in different system organ classes showed no difference between fluoroquinolones and azithromycin or sulfamethoxazole in administrative data.
Keywords: Administrative data; Adverse events; Azithromycin; Disability; Luoroquinolone; Sulfamethoxazole.