Contemporary human papillomavirus genotyping and correlations to peniscopy, cytology, and histopatology on over 1000 males

Diagn Cytopathol. 2020 Nov;48(11):1021-1026. doi: 10.1002/dc.24518. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Abstract

Objectives: To explore male human papillomavirus (HPV) contemporary genotyping epidemiology and correlations to peniscopy, cytology, and histopatology.

Methods: Medical records of patients who had been submitted to HPV infection screening with genotyping, peniscopy, cytology, and histopathology in a period of 2 years were reviewed. Frequency analysis and correlations between the diagnostic tools were established.

Results: Genotype of 1132 men resulted in 69.2% (784) positivity for HPV DNA, 78% classified as high risk of oncogenesis. Co-infections occurred in 429 (54.7%) and the most frequently identified types were HPV-6, HPV-42, and HPV-16, in 133 (17%), 94 (12%), and 86 (11%) patients, respectively. Positive/negative predictive values of peniscopy, cytology, and histopathology were 83/31%, 92/32%, and 87/33%, respectively. As a result, though significant, the correlations between genotype and non-molecular tests were poor.

Conclusions: In the current contemporary representative male cohort, over two thirds are positive for human HPV DNA, 78% of high risk and with over half co-infections. Though significant, its correlation with non-molecular tests is poor and while the positive predictive values of peniscopy, cytology, and histopatology are between 83% and 92%, their negative predictive values are as low as 31% to 33%.

Keywords: HPV; citology; diagnosis; genotyping; histopathology; infection; men; peniscopy.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alphapapillomavirus / classification
  • Alphapapillomavirus / genetics
  • Alphapapillomavirus / isolation & purification*
  • Carcinoma in Situ / virology
  • Child
  • Condylomata Acuminata / virology
  • Cytodiagnosis
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • Genotype
  • Human papillomavirus 16 / genetics*
  • Human papillomavirus 16 / isolation & purification
  • Human papillomavirus 6 / genetics*
  • Human papillomavirus 6 / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mass Screening
  • Middle Aged
  • Papillomavirus Infections / diagnosis*
  • Papillomavirus Infections / epidemiology*
  • Papillomavirus Infections / pathology
  • Penile Neoplasms / virology
  • Penis / virology
  • Sexual Behavior
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • DNA, Viral