Metabolic reprogramming related to whole-chromosome instability in models for Hürthle cell carcinoma

Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 12;10(1):9578. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66599-1.

Abstract

Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a recurrent subtype of non-medullary thyroid cancer. HCC is characterized by profound whole-chromosome instability (w-CIN), resulting in a near-homozygous genome (NHG), a phenomenon recently attributed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during mitosis by malfunctioning mitochondria. We studied shared metabolic traits during standard and glucose-depleted cell culture in thyroid cancer cell lines (TCCLs), with or without a NHG, using quantitative analysis of extra and intracellular metabolites and ROS production following inhibition of complex III with antimycin A. We found that the XTC.UC1 and FTC-236 cell lines (both NHG) are functionally impaired in complex I and produce significantly more superoxide radicals than SW579 and BHP 2-7 (non-NHG) after challenge with antimycin A. FTC-236 showed the lowest levels of glutathione and SOD2. XTC.UC1 and FTC-236 both exhibited reduced glycolytic activity and utilization of alternative sources to meet energy demands. Both cell lines also shared low levels of α-ketoglutarate and high levels of creatine, phosphocreatine, uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, pyruvate and acetylcarnitine. Furthermore, the metabolism of XTC.UC1 was skewed towards the de novo synthesis of aspartate, an effect that persisted even in glucose-free media, pointing to reductive carboxylation. Our data suggests that metabolic reprogramming and a subtle balance between ROS generation and scavenging/conversion of intermediates may be involved in ROS-induced w-CIN in HCC and possibly also in rare cases of follicular thyroid cancer showing a NHG.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenoma, Oxyphilic / genetics
  • Adenoma, Oxyphilic / metabolism
  • Adenoma, Oxyphilic / pathology*
  • Cellular Reprogramming
  • Chromosomal Instability*
  • Glycolysis
  • Humans
  • Metabolome*
  • Mitochondria / genetics
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Mitochondria / pathology*
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / genetics
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / metabolism
  • Thyroid Cancer, Papillary / pathology*
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / genetics
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured

Substances

  • Reactive Oxygen Species

Supplementary concepts

  • Thyroid cancer, Hurthle cell