A complex genetic interaction implicates that phospholipid asymmetry and phosphate homeostasis regulate Golgi functions

PLoS One. 2020 Jul 30;15(7):e0236520. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236520. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

In eukaryotic cells, phospholipid flippases translocate phospholipids from the exoplasmic to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the lipid bilayer. Budding yeast contains five flippases, of which Cdc50p-Drs2p and Neo1p are primarily involved in membrane trafficking in endosomes and Golgi membranes. The ANY1/CFS1 gene was identified as a suppressor of growth defects in the neo1Δ and cdc50Δ mutants. Cfs1p is a membrane protein of the PQ-loop family and is localized to endosomal/Golgi membranes, but its relationship to phospholipid asymmetry remains unknown. The neo1Δ cfs1Δ mutant appears to function normally in membrane trafficking but may function abnormally in the regulation of phospholipid asymmetry. To identify a gene that is functionally relevant to NEO1 and CFS1, we isolated a mutation that is synthetically lethal with neo1Δ cfs1Δ and identified ERD1. Erd1p is a Golgi membrane protein that is involved in the transport of phosphate (Pi) from the Golgi lumen to the cytoplasm. The Neo1p-depleted cfs1Δ erd1Δ mutant accumulated plasma membrane proteins in the Golgi, perhaps due to a lack of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. The Neo1p-depleted cfs1Δ erd1Δ mutant also exhibited abnormal structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induced an unfolded protein response, likely due to defects in the retrieval pathway from the cis-Golgi region to the ER. Genetic analyses suggest that accumulation of Pi in the Golgi lumen is responsible for defects in Golgi functions in the Neo1p-depleted cfs1Δ erd1Δ mutant. Thus, the luminal ionic environment is functionally relevant to phospholipid asymmetry. Our results suggest that flippase-mediated phospholipid redistribution and luminal Pi concentration coordinately regulate Golgi membrane functions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenosine Triphosphatases / genetics
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism
  • Golgi Apparatus / metabolism*
  • Membrane Proteins / genetics
  • Membrane Transport Proteins / genetics
  • Mutation
  • Phosphates / metabolism*
  • Phospholipid Transfer Proteins / genetics
  • Phospholipids / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / genetics
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / enzymology
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / genetics
  • Unfolded Protein Response

Substances

  • Cfs1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • ERD1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Phosphates
  • Phospholipid Transfer Proteins
  • Phospholipids
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Adenosine Triphosphatases
  • NEO1 protein, S cerevisiae

Grants and funding

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant numbers JP18K14645 (TM), JP18K06104 (TK), and JP19K06536 (KT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.