Overview of the current promising approaches for the development of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine

Rasoul Mirzaei; Rokhsareh Mohammadzadeh; Farzad Mahdavi; Fariba Badrzadeh; Sheida Kazemi; Mehdi Ebrahimi; Fatemeh Soltani; Sima Kazemi; Ali Salimi Jeda; Mohammad Darvishmotevalli; Rasoul Yousefimashouf; Hossein Keyvani; Sajad Karampoor

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106928

Overview of the current promising approaches for the development of an effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine

Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Nov:88:106928. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106928. Epub 2020 Aug 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Electronic address: rasul.micro92@gmail.com.
² Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
³ Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.
⁵ Students' Seientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
⁷ Health Safety and Environment Management Department, Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran.
⁸ Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
⁹ Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰ Research Center For Health, Safety And Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
¹¹ Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: keyvani.h@iums.ac.ir.
¹² Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: sajadkarampour1987@gmail.com.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. There is a gap in our understanding regarding the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. However, many clinical trials are underway across the world for screening effective drugs against COVID-19. Nevertheless, currently, no proven effective therapies for this virus exists. The vaccines are deemed as a significant part of disease prevention for emerging viral diseases, since, in several cases, other therapeutic choices are limited or non-existent, or that diseases result in such an accelerated clinical worsening that the efficacy of treatments is restricted. Therefore, effective vaccines against COVID-19 are urgently required to overcome the tremendous burden of mortality and morbidity correlated with SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will describe the latest evidence regarding outstanding vaccine approaches and the challenges for vaccine production.

Keywords: COVID-19; Immunopathogenesis; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Viral / blood
Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Clinical Trials as Topic
Coronavirus Infections / immunology
Coronavirus Infections / prevention & control*
Drug Development / methods*
Humans
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Lung / immunology
Lung / virology
Pandemics / prevention & control*
Pneumonia, Viral / immunology
Pneumonia, Viral / prevention & control*
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology
Viral Vaccines / immunology*

Substances

Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19 Vaccines
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Viral Vaccines
spike protein, SARS-CoV-2