Association of sex with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 1190 cases

Respir Med. 2020 Nov:173:106159. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106159. Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Abstract

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been a pandemic. The objective of our study was to explore the association between sex and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: Detailed clinical data including clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, imaging features and treatments of 1190 cases of adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Associations between sex and clinical outcomes were identified by multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Results: There were 635 (53.4%) male and 555 (46.6%) female patients in this study. Higher rates of acute kidney injury (5.5% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.026), acute cardiac injury (9.1% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.001), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (2.5% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.024) were observed in males. Compared with female patients, male patients with COVID-19 had a higher inhospital mortality rate (15.7% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.005). However, Cox regression analysis showed that sex did not influence inhospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions: Male sex was associated with a worse prognosis of COVID-19, but it seems not to be an independent prognostic factor.

Keywords: COVID-19; Mortality; Organ failure; Sex.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Betacoronavirus*
  • COVID-19
  • China
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications*
  • Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology*
  • Coronavirus Infections / therapy
  • Female
  • Hospital Mortality
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Outcome Assessment, Health Care
  • Pandemics
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / therapy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Sex Factors