[Hypercholesterolemia, from screening to treatment: Who, why and how to manage]

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia refers to dyslipidemia with an increased circulating cholesterol levels. This is the most common dyslipidemia and is associated with an increased risk of developing atheromatous cardiovascular diseases. One of the major challenges in primary prevention is to define the threshold for therapeutic intervention that allow to obtain a significant clinical benefit without unnecessarily expose the patient to potential side effects of lipid-lowering treatments. It is also important to recall to screen patient for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, a common genetic disease of lipid metabolism responsible for particularly severe and early coronary disease. In this article, the issues of hypercholesterolemia screening, the definition of therapeutic targets and expected benefits as well as the modalities of therapeutic management (by also addressing the problem of statin intolerance) will be addressed.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidémie; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypercholestérolémie; Maladie cardiovasculaire; Prevention; Prévention; Statines; Statins.