Prognostic value of lymph node ratio versus American Joint Committee on Cancer N classification for surgically resected human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Head Neck. 2021 May;43(5):1476-1486. doi: 10.1002/hed.26605. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Abstract

Background: We compared prognostic values of lymph node ratio (LNR) and AJCC 8 N classification in surgically resected human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified patients with HPV-associated OPSCC from 2010 to 2016 who underwent definitive surgical resection. Patients were analyzed by nodal grouping (LNR, N stage) and adjuvant radiation therapy(RT). Primary endpoint was overall survival.

Results: We identified 4166 patients. Survival analysis showed significant improvement for LNR≤6% versus >6% (5 year OS% 92.7% vs. 83.7%, p < 0.001). N classification demonstrated good prognostic ability (5 year OS% for pN0, pN1, pN2 were 91.3%, 90.1%, 78.8%, p < 0.001), but poor separation among stages (compared to pN0: pN1 HR 1.40 [95% CI 0.63, 3.09], p = 0.41; pN2 HR 2.50 [95% CI 1.08, 5.81], p = 0.033). RT improved survival in the LNR > 6% group (5 year OS% 85.4% vs. 74.9%, p < 0.001; HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.28, 0.58], p < 0.001).

Conclusions: LNR should be considered an adjunct category in future staging systems for HPV-associated OPSCC.

Keywords: HPV-related cancer; human papillomavirus; lymph node ratio; nodal staging; oropharyngeal cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Alphapapillomavirus*
  • Head and Neck Neoplasms*
  • Humans
  • Lymph Node Ratio
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Lymph Nodes / surgery
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Oropharyngeal Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Papillomaviridae
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck / surgery
  • United States / epidemiology