External carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following upper respiratory infection masquerading as a pharyngeal abscess in an 8-month-old

Am J Otolaryngol. 2021 Jul-Aug;42(4):102962. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102962. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Abstract

Pseudoaneurysms are very rare with an incidence of less than 0.1% in the pediatric population. Approximately 30 cases of carotid artery aneurysms in children have been published in the literature, usually affecting children over one year of age. We present one of the youngest cases in the literature; the patient is an 8-month old female with a strep throat infection complicated by pseudoaneurysm development of the external carotid artery. Because of the rarity of these lesions, there is little known regarding the types of clinical presentation and management. They are commonly the result of direct arterial trauma; however, they can also occur secondary to infection, connective tissue disease or arteritis. We are presenting a case with a highly atypical presentation. When present, pseudoaneurysms harbor the potential risk of life-threatening hemorrhage and warrant immediate management. It is important to be aware of cases and the treatment modalities used to guide future diagnosis and planning.

Keywords: Deep neck space infection; External carotid artery, hematoma, neck mass; Pediatric; Pseudoaneurysm; Upper respiratory infection.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage
  • Carotid Artery Injuries / diagnosis
  • Carotid Artery Injuries / etiology*
  • Carotid Artery Injuries / therapy
  • Carotid Artery, External*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Drainage
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / complications*
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / diagnosis
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / therapy
  • Retropharyngeal Abscess / diagnosis
  • Retropharyngeal Abscess / etiology*
  • Retropharyngeal Abscess / therapy
  • Staphylococcal Infections / complications*
  • Staphylococcal Infections / diagnosis
  • Staphylococcal Infections / therapy
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents