Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.
Keywords: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM); acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE); histopathology; multiple sclerosis (MS); neuropathology.