Structural validity of the Brazilian version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index in patients with chronic shoulder pain

Cid André Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes; Jocassia Silva Pinheiro; Henrique Yuji Takahasi; André Pontes Silva; Devyd Weyder do Nascimento Freitas; Cesário da Silva Souza; Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho

doi:10.1016/j.jht.2021.01.003

Structural validity of the Brazilian version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index in patients with chronic shoulder pain

J Hand Ther. 2022 Oct-Dec;35(4):501-506. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

Authors

Cid André Fidelis-de-Paula-Gomes¹, Jocassia Silva Pinheiro², Henrique Yuji Takahasi³, André Pontes Silva⁴, Devyd Weyder do Nascimento Freitas³, Cesário da Silva Souza⁵, Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho⁶

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
² Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
³ Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
⁴ Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Physical Therapy, Centro Universitário Tiradentes, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
⁶ Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Adult Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Electronic address: dibaifilho@gmail.com.

PMID: 33820709
DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2021.01.003

Abstract

Background: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a measuring instrument for pain and disability in patients with shoulder dysfunction. However, its structure is controversial (ie, 1 or 2 domains).

Purpose: To investigate the structural validity of the Brazilian version of the SPADI in patients with chronic shoulder pain.

Study design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Brazilian Portuguese speakers of both genders aged 18 years or older with shoulder pain for at least 90 days (chronic) were included in this study. The structure of the SPADI was assessed by means of exploratory factor analysis with the implementation of parallel analysis and by confirmatory factor analysis. For the latter, the following goodness-of-fit indices were considered: root mean square error of approximation with 90% confidence interval, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, standardized root mean square residual, and chi-square/degrees of freedom.

Results: A total of 103 participants were included in the study. The original version of the SPADI with 2 domains and 13 items showed high covariance between domains (0.98), suggesting one-dimensionality. After exploratory factor analysis with the implementation of parallel analysis, one-dimensionality was found in the SPADI. Comparing models with 1 and 2 domains by means of confirmatory factor analysis, both presented adequate values (chi-square/degrees of freedom < 3; comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis index > 0.90; root mean square error of approximation and standardized root mean square residual < 0.08). However, the model with one domain is more suitable for presenting lower values of Akaike information criterion (3308.713) and Bayesian information criterion (3377.216).

Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the SPADI has a one-dimensional structure with 13 items ("shoulder impairment" construct), in contrast to the version with 2 domains.

Keywords: Pain; Reproducibility of results; Surveys and questionnaires.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bayes Theorem
Brazil
Cross-Sectional Studies
Disability Evaluation*
Female
Humans
Male
Psychometrics / methods
Reproducibility of Results
Shoulder Pain* / diagnosis
Surveys and Questionnaires