Epithelial proliferation and cell cycle dysregulation in kidney injury and disease

Kidney Int. 2021 Jul;100(1):67-78. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.024. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Abstract

Various cellular insults and injury to renal epithelial cells stimulate repair mechanisms to adapt and restore the organ homeostasis. Renal tubular epithelial cells are endowed with regenerative capacity, which allows for a restoration of nephron function after acute kidney injury. However, recent evidence indicates that the repair is often incomplete, leading to maladaptive responses that promote the progression to chronic kidney disease. The dysregulated cell cycle and proliferation is also a key feature of renal tubular epithelial cells in polycystic kidney disease and HIV-associated nephropathy. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of cell cycle regulation and the consequences of dysregulated cell proliferation in acute kidney injury, polycystic kidney disease, and HIV-associated nephropathy. An increased understanding of these processes may help define better targets for kidney repair and combat chronic kidney disease progression.

Keywords: HIV-associated nephropathy; acute kidney injury; cell cycle; polycystic kidney disease; renal tubular epithelial cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury*
  • Cell Cycle Checkpoints
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Epithelial Cells
  • Humans
  • Kidney
  • Kidney Tubules
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*