Phospholipid flippases and Sfk1 are essential for the retention of ergosterol in the plasma membrane

Mol Biol Cell. 2021 Jul 15;32(15):1374-1392. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E20-11-0699. Epub 2021 May 26.

Abstract

Sterols are important lipid components of the plasma membrane (PM) in eukaryotic cells, but it is unknown how the PM retains sterols at a high concentration. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in the PM, and phospholipid flippases play an important role in generating this phospholipid asymmetry. Here, we provide evidence that phospholipid flippases are essential for retaining ergosterol in the PM of yeast. A mutant in three flippases, Dnf1-Lem3, Dnf2-Lem3, and Dnf3-Crf1, and a membrane protein, Sfk1, showed a severe growth defect. We recently identified Sfk1 as a PM protein involved in phospholipid asymmetry. The PM of this mutant showed high permeability and low density. Staining with the sterol probe filipin and the expression of a sterol biosensor revealed that ergosterol was not retained in the PM. Instead, ergosterol accumulated in an esterified form in lipid droplets. We propose that ergosterol is retained in the PM by the asymmetrical distribution of phospholipids and the action of Sfk1. Once phospholipid asymmetry is severely disrupted, sterols might be exposed on the cytoplasmic leaflet of the PM and actively transported to the endoplasmic reticulum by sterol transfer proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / metabolism*
  • Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism*
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Ergosterol / metabolism*
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism*
  • Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism*
  • Phospholipid Transfer Proteins / metabolism
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / enzymology
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
  • CRF1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Lem3 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Phospholipid Transfer Proteins
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Sfk1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Adenosine Triphosphatases
  • Dnf3 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Dnf2 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Dnf1 protein, S cerevisiae
  • Ergosterol