Some aspects about time broadening in fluorescence up-conversion measurements

Rev Sci Instrum. 2021 Jun 1;92(6):063003. doi: 10.1063/5.0047695.

Abstract

Several aspects contributing to the temporal broadening in the measurement of ultrafast fluorescence by means of up-conversion wave mixing are presented: the characteristics of the sample, those of the collection optics, and the wave mixing with the gate pulse in a non-linear crystal. It is concluded that these contributions are emission wavelength dependent and can be as important as the pulse durations in determining the instrument response function in this technique.